Diabetes is a chronic hormonal disease characterized by the inability to absorb glucose from food and essential for nutrition, breathing and energy metabolism of cells. In this case, the production or interaction with the pancreatic hormone - insulin is weakened. It is necessary to adjust the quantitative presence of glucose in the blood. With the inappropriate activity of a pair of Glucose -sensulin, hyperglycemia is the persistent increase in glucose. The metabolism is affected, the work of the kidneys, heart, blood vessels and the central nervous system are disturbed.
Types of diabetesThe two main types of diabetes are distinguished, although they belong to a group of hormonal diseases, there is still difference.
The first type of diabetes (dependent insulin, adolescence, type I)It is characterized by the fact for any reason, the immune system attacks the pancreatic beta cells (more than 80%), producing insulin. There is no hormone, but glucose is transferred to the body with continuous food. The amount of blood sugar goes away from the scale. The first type of diabetes is often detected in children or adolescents. But for adults, it is not uncommon.
The second type diabetes (depending on insulin, II II)Type II diabetes are usually diagnosed in humans after 30-40 years. But the disease is becoming younger. In 90 % of cases in patients, excess weight is observed. The body can still produce insulin, but the sensitivity of cells with insulin is reduced (this is called insulin resistance). A vicious circle arises. Cells do not feel insulin, the body produces more insulin to feed; cage. Glucose is simply accumulating in the blood, and insulin increases appetite. A person ate, jumped sugar, enhanced insulin resistance.
PrediabetHere, glucose levels beyond the reference values, but you can even talk about diabetes. Prediabet can become the basis for the development of type II diabetes, as well as the diseases of the cardiovascular system.
Gestational diabetes is characterized by pregnancy. The most commonly found in the triangle II or III.
In addition, the process of the disease varies in severity: light (i), average (II) and severe (III).
Diabetes. SymptomIf you do not have the habit of blood donation to glucose once a year and you do not know the hormonal doctor from the clinic directly, there are some symptoms that can tell you that it is time to contact the expert. But we will book immediately, the signs of diabetes are manifested without insulin that has moved to an important point. Therefore, at this time, the most effective way to find your sugar level is to donate blood.
Diabetes of the first typeSymptoms of diabetes of the first type:
The desire to constant, inconsistent;
dry mouth;
frequent urination;
indifference and fatigue;
Invisible hunger;
Losing weight (average 3-5 kg), not related to any action from one person;
Vision problems (the vague of the picture, as if everything was in the fog).
Diabetes is the second typeThe symptoms of diabetes are the second type similar to type I diabetes in some parameters: thirst, hunger, dry mouth, fatigue, vision issues and frequent urge to go to the toilet. But this type has its own signs:
numbness and tingling in the arms and legs;
The healing of slow wounds and recurrent infections.
Causes of diabetesAlas, scientists cannot name the exact causes of diabetes in humans (especially the first type). Poor ecology, the abundance of virus infection and incomplete operation of the immune system are performed as a basis. Among the causes of diabetes development are often distinguished:
Genetic trend. Moreover, the risk of 10%if the father has diabetes the first type and 2, 5%if the mother. If both parents are diagnosed with type II diabetes, children are at risk of this disease after 40 years increasing to 65-70%;
The diet is not balanced with the abundance of carbohydrates;
Excess weight (90% of people with type II infections have it);
lack of physical activity;
stress on continuous basis;
Pre -diabetes;
Extended use of some drugs (diuretics, hormones, salicylates, cytology, etc. );
Ethnicity (in children in European races, the risk of developing diabetes is higher);
History of gestational diabetes;
Chronic failure of the adrenal shell.
ComplicationThis disease is implicit, and if you do not observe the instructions of the doctor, the complications of diabetes (chronic and acute) may appear, endangering the work of the entire organism. Chronic complications are observed when the height level lasts quite a long time.
The following chronic complications can be distinguished:
The fragility of the blood vessels in the retina (retinopathy) leads to reduced vision, the early development of cataracts or causing blindness.
With diabetes, periodontitis often occurs, leading to tooth loss or heart problems. In addition, a series of infectious diseases of the oral cavity is possible. Need to observe good hygiene and often go to the dentist.
Cardiovascular disease is the most common cause of disability and death in diabetics. Angina, myocardial infarction, stroke and others. Lack of cholesterol and glucose observation, hypertension contributes to the development of these complications.
Kidney disease, or destroy blood vessels in the kidneys, leading to the failure of the activity or the rejection of the kidney. Hell control is mandatory.
Neuropathy (nerve damage). Usually, the risk of neuropathy is exposed to the leg. The walls of the vessels and nerve fibers are destroyed, blood flows into the legs worse. Signs of the development of neuropathy are tingling, pain, goose cows or loss of sensitivity. Patients, especially the elderly, often do not mean this, this is full of the development of ulcers, infectious diseases and amputations. Neurological disease can affect other body systems (erectile dysfunction, problems with digestive tract, genital system).
Diabetes is one of the causes of atherosclerosis, because the vessels become brittle, fragile and increase the risk of thrombosis.
There is often joint pain, because diabetes leads to a decrease in the amount of fluid fluid.
In addition, there is a frequency of high mental disorder development.
Acute complications, rapidly developing, often connected to oscillation in blood sugar. Low (hypoglycemia) and high (hyperglycemia) leads to crisis. Hypotension crisis (3, 9 mmol/l or lower) manifested as a seizure, and a hyperglycemic crisis is dangerous for the appearance of diabetes ketoacidosis and hyperglycemia. These are emergency and threatening conditions, leading to convulsions, coma and deadly results.
Diagnosis of diabetesDiagnosis of diabetes is an important step. In an ideal situation, a person should be aware of his level of glucose, especially after 45 years. But if it is at risk, analysis should be done more often and you need to do it sooner, so as not to miss valuable time.
Diabetes are diagnosed in many ways:
Analysis for glycated hemoglobin. The analysis results show that the average level of glucose in the blood in the past 2-3 months. Therefore, you can monitor the motivation;
Analysis of glucose in plasma (capillary or veins) when hungry. Auditing shows the position of glucose at this time;
Gluczotolerant test is specified in suspected cases. The test lasted for quite a long time and included a measurement of glucose levels before and after drinking a glass of water with dissolved glucose in it;
Analysis of urine for the presence of glucose and/or acetone. A healthy person is not characterized by the presence of these factors in urine.
TreatmentWhen treating type I diabetes, the main treatment for insulin is the main treatment for insulin, which must be used every day in a prescribed and calculated dose by the doctor. You can use special insulin syringes, injection tubes or insulin pumps, and calculate the independent dose of the hormone. Under certain conditions, it is possible to prescribe drugs for diabetes that stimulate the body to develop their own insulin.
In diabetes of the first species, insulin chips every day, because the paths are sufficient with the development of diabetes ketoacidosis, leading to death. Daily insulin + appropriate nutrition + Physical activity can provide life without complications.
For type II diabetes, a doctor prescribed drug treatment is designed to reduce sugar levels and normalize a person's condition. Sometimes it may be necessary for replacement therapy with insulin, but it does not need to be received daily. Diets in diabetes are observed without failure, as well as an increase in physical activity, body weight control.
With the presence of pre -diabetes, the test must be performed once every six months or a year. It is also necessary to remove excess weight and turn to nutrition diet.
For gestational diabetes, it is necessary to carefully monitor the level of glucose in the blood and follow the recommendations of the doctor to observe. The most common after giving birth, blood sugar returns to normal. But there is a risk of developing diabetes in the second type.
Forecast and preventDiabetes is a serious hormonal disease that reduces life expectancy 5-10 years and men die more often than women. Infectious diseases and viruses are more seriously tolerated. Complications against the foundation of pneumonia and influenza occur more often more than 6 times, when compared to the statistics of those who do not have diabetes in history. In healthy people, compared to diabetics, Alzheimer and other forms of dementia develop less often.
But with diabetes, you can and should be fighting. Competent management helps them avoid many problems and complications. Therefore, 50-60% of cases are stable and non-progressive.
Proper control and prevention of diabetes:
Check regular glucose;
Special diet for diabetes;
play sports in moderate mode;
Observe blood pressure and cholesterol;
Regular visit to the necessary experts and undergo surveys;
Take medicine prescribed by a doctor.
Diabetes are not fully studied, but drugs and attitudes are conscious of their lives with this disease that will help live for a long time and have no complications.
